Landforms
Standards:P.2.1 Compare physical properties of samples of matter: (strength, hardness, flexibility, ability to conduct heat, ability to conduct electricity, ability to be attracted by magnets, reactions to water and fire).
4.E.2.1 Compare fossils (including molds, casts, and preserved parts of plants and animals) to one another and to living organisms.
4.E.2.2 Infer ideas about Earth's early environments from fossils of plants and animals that lived long ago.
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Study Guide
LinksWeathering, Erosion and the Movement of Glaciers are all SLOW processes that change the surface of the Earth.
Vocabularychemical weathering- the decomposition of rocks due to chemical reactions occurring between the minerals in rocks and the environment; caused by chemicals found in water, acids, and oxidation
physical weathering- also known as mechanical weathering, it is the process that breaks rocks apart without changing their chemical composition; can be caused by moving water, ice, and plant roots weathering- the process in which rocks are either broken into smaller particles (physical weathering) or changed into other kinds of minerals (chemical weathering). canyon- a V-shaped valley eroded by a river delta- a fan-shaped deposit at the mouth of a river deposition- the process by which eroded earth materials settle out in another place dune- a mound, hill, or ridge of wind-blown sand erosion- the process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface, transported and deposited in other locations floodplain-the land that gets covered by water from a stream or river during a flood meander- a curve or loop in a river mountain- high, uplifted area with steep slopes plateau- nearly level area that has been uplifted sediment- eroded earth materials valley- a low area between hills and mountains; often where a river flows basin- a low area in which sediments are often deposited channel- the course or path water takes over the earth's surface alluvial fan- the fan-shaped landform made up of deposited sediments at the bottom of a slope gravity- the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other landslide- the usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial fill on a slope slope- a surface of which one end or side flash flood- the result of heavy or excessive amounts of rainfall within a short period of time, usually less than 6 hours, causing water to rise and fall quite rapidly flood- an overflow of water onto normally dry land; The inundation of a normally dry area caused by rising water in an existing waterway, such as a river, stream, or drainage ditch (Flooding is a longer term event than flash flooding: it may last days or weeks) floodplain- the area around a river that is covered by water flowing over the riverbank during a flood. lava- molten rock on the earth's surface lava flow- stream of molten or hardened lava coming out from a volcano or crack in the earth's surface magma- molten rock under the earth's surface strata- layers of lava flows volcano- a vent in the crust of the earth or another planet or a moon; usually molten or hot rock, steam, and gas come out of the vent ; also : a hill or mountain made of hardened lava flows; usually have a crater or caldera earthquake- a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic activity fault- a crack in the earth's crust body fossils- preserved remains of body parts such as teeth, shells, or bones cast fossil- a positive imprint of an organism preserved in rock; when a mold fossil fills in with minerals or sediment and hardens fossil- the preserved remains of organisms mold fossils- a negative imprint of an organism preserved in rocks; a hollow space is left in the rock once the organism has decomposed petrification- occurs when parts of the organism are saturated with minerals trace fossils- fossilized evidence of the behavior of past organisms such as footprints, eggs, nests, and droppings fossil record- fossils and their placement within the earth's rock strata. The fossil record provides information about the history of life on earth, for instance what the organisms looked like, where and when they lived, how they evolved, etc relative age- the geologic age of a fossil, rock, geologic feature or event relative to other fossils , rocks, geologic features or events geologic time- a period of time covering the formation and development of earth |